The Centre for Linguistic Theory
and Studies in Probability

Shalom Lappin

Professor

Publications

BOOKS

EDITED BOOKS

EDITED SPECIAL JOURNAL ISSUES

  • Maribel Fernandez, Chris Fox, and Shalom Lappin (2008), special issue of Journal of Logic and Computation on lambda calculus, type theory, and natural language II, Vol 18, No. 2.
  • Maribel Fernandez, Chris Fox, and Shalom Lappin (2005), special issue of Journal of Logic and Computation on lambda calculus, type theory, and natural language I, Vol 15, No. 2.
  • Ruslan Mitkov, Bran Bugraev, and Shalom Lappin (2001), special issue of Computational Linguistics on anaphora resolution, vol 27, No. 4.
  • Shalom Lappin (ed.) (1988), Special issue of Linguistics, with an introduction on the syntax and semantics of NP's, Vol. 26, No. 6.

ARTICLES IN REFEREED JOURNALS

  • Shalom Lappin (2024), "Assessing the Strengths and Weaknesses of Large Language Models", Journal of Logic, Language and Information, special issue Natural Logic Meets Machine Learning, Vol. 33, pp. 9-20.
  • Jey Han Lau, Carlos Armendariz, Shalom Lappin, Matthew Purver, and Chang Shu (2020), "How Furiously Can Colorless Green Ideas Sleep? Sentence Acceptability in Context", Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 8, pp.  296--310.
  • Jean-Philippe Bernardy and Shalom Lappin (2017), "Using Deep Neural Networks to Learn Syntactic Agreement", Linguistic Issues in Language Technology 15.2, pp. 1-15.
  • Devdatt Dubhash and Shalom Lappin (2017), "AI Dangers: Imagined and Real", Communications of the ACM, Vol 60. No. 2, February 2017, pp. 43-45.
  • Jey Han Lau, Alexander Clark, and Shalom Lappin (2016), "Grammaticality, Acceptability, and Probability: A Probabilistic View of Linguistic Knowledge", Cognitive Science.
  • Robin Cooper, Simon Dobnik, Shalom Lappin, and Staffan Larsson (2015), "Probabilistic Type Theory and Natural Language Semantics", Linguistic Issues in Language Technology 10, pp. 1-43.
  • Chris Fox and Shalom Lappin (2015), "Type-Theoretic Logic with an Operational Account of Intensionality", Synthèse 192, pp. 563-584.
  • Shalom Lappin (2013), "Intensions as Computable Functions", Linguistic Issues in Language Technology 9, pp. 1-12.
  • Alexander Clark and Shalom Lappin (2013), "Complexity in Language Acquisition", Topics in Cognitive Science 5, Special Issue on Formal Learning Theory edited by Sean Fulop and Nick Chater, pp. 89-110.
  • Chris Fox and Shalom Lappin (2010), "Expressiveness and Complexity in Underspecified Semantics", Linguistic Analysis 36.
  • Raquel Fernandez, Jonathan Ginzburg, and Shalom Lappin (2007), "Classifying Non-Sentential Utterances in Dialogue: A Machine Learning Approach", Computational Linguistics 33, No. 3, pp. 397-427.
  • Shalom Lappin and Stuart Shieber (2007), "Machine Learning Theory and Practice as a Source of Insight into Universal Grammar", Journal of Linguistics 43, pp. 393-427.
  • Chris Fox and Shalom Lappin (2005), "Underspecified Intepretation in a Curry-Typed Representation Language", Journal of Logic and Computation, pp.131-143.
  • Chris Fox and Shalom Lappin (2004), "An Expressive First-Order Logic with Flexible Typing for Natural Language Semantics", Logic Journal of the International Group for Pure and Applied Logic 12, 2004, pp. 135-168.
  • Shalom Lappin, Robert Levine and David Johnson (2001), "The Revolution Maximally Confused", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 19, pp. 901-919.
  • Shalom Lappin (2000), "An Intensional Parametric Semantics for Vague Quantifiers", Linguistics and Philosophy 23, pp. 599-620.
  • Shalom Lappin, Robert Levine and David Johnson (2000), "The Revolution Confused: A Response to Our Critics", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 18, pp. 873-890
  • Shalom Lappin, Robert Levine and David Johnson (2000), "The Structure of Unscientific Revolutions", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 18, pp. 665-771.
  • David Johnson and Shalom Lappin (1997), "A Critique of the Minimalist Program", Linguistics and Philosophy 20, pp. 273-333.
  • Shalom Lappin (1996), "Generalized Quantifiers, Exception Phrases, and Logicality ", The Journal of Semantics 13, pp. 197-220.
  • Ido Dagan, John Justeson, Shalom Lappin, Herbert Leass, and Amnon Ribak (1995), "Syntax and Lexical Statistics in Anaphora Resolution", Applied Artificial Intelligence 9, pp. 633-644.
  • Shalom Lappin and Herbert Leass (1994), "A Syntactically Based Algorithm for Pronominal Anaphora Resolution, Computational Linguistics 20, pp. 535-561.
  • Shalom Lappin and Nissim Francez (1994), "E-Type Pronouns, I-Sums, and Donkey Anaphora", Linguistics and Philosophy 17, pp. 391-428.
  • Shalom Lappin and U. Shlonsky (1993), "Impersonal Passives", Linguistics 31, pp. 5---24.
  • Michael McCord, Arendse Bernth, Shalom Lappin, and Wlodek. Zadrozny (1992), "Natural Language Processing within the Slot Grammar Framework", International Journal of Tools for Artificial Intelligence 1, pp. 229---277.
  • Shalom Lappin and Michael McCord (1990), "Anaphora Resolution in Slot Grammar", Computational Linguistics 16, pp. 197---212.
  • Shalom Lappin (1989), "Donkey Pronouns Unbound", Theoretical Linguistics 15, pp. 263---286
  • Shalom Lappin and T. Reinhart (1988), "Presuppositional Effects of Strong Determiners: A Processing Account", Linguistics, special issue on the syntax and semantics of NP's, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 1021---137.
  • Shalom Lappin (1988), "The Semantics of 'Many' as a Weak Determiner", Linguistics, special issue on the syntax and semantics of NP's, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 977---998.
  • Nomi Erteschik"Shir and Shalom Lappin (1987), "Dominance and Modularity", Linguistics 25, pp. 671---685.
  • Shalom Lappin (1985), "Pronominal Binding and Coreference", Theoretical Linguistics 12, pp. 241---263.
  • Shalom Lappin (1984), "VP Anaphora, Quantifier Scope, and Logical Form" Linguistic Analysis 13, pp. 273-315.
  • Nomi Erteschik"Shir and Shalom Lappin (1983), "Under Stress: A Functional Explanation of English Sentence Stress", Journal of Linguistics 19, pp. 419---453.
  • Nomi Erteschik"Shir and Shalom Lappin (1983), "Dominance and Extraction: Reply to A. Grosu", Theoretical Linguistics 10, pp. 81---96.
  • Shalom Lappin (1982), "Quantified Noun Phrases and Pronouns in Logical Form", Linguistic Analysis 10, pp. 131---159.
  • Shalom Lappin (1982), "On the Pragmatics of Mood", Linguistics and Philosophy 4, pp. 559---578.
  • Shalom Lappin (1982), "Classical Logic and Existentially Quantified Noun Phrases", Theoretical Linguistics 7, pp. 145---155.
  • Shalom Lappin (1980), "Why One Ought to Care about Identity across Possible Worlds in Moral Judgements: Reply to Freundlich", Ratio, Vol. XXII, No. 2, pp.167---169.
  • Nomi Erteschik"Shir and Shalom Lappin (1979), "Dominance and the Functional Explanation of Island Phenomena", Theoretical Linguistics 6, pp. 41---86.
  • Shalom Lappin (1978), "Sortal Incorrectness, Bivalence, and Classical Validity", Manuscrito, Vol. II, No. 1, pp. 89---104.
  • Shalom Lappin (1978), "Moral Judgements and Identity across Possible Worlds", Ratio, Vol. XX, No. 1, pp. 69---74. (An earlier version of this paper appeared in Hebrew in M. Dascal (ed.) (1978), Ha-Tzodek ve Ha"Bilti-Tzodek, University Publishing Projects, Tel Aviv, pp. 173-178.)
  • Shalom Lappin (1976), "Goodman and Katz on Synonymy", Philosophical Studies 29, pp. 279---281.

CHAPTERS IN BOOKS

  • Jean-Philippe Bernardy and Shalom Lappin (2023), "Unitary Recurrent Networks: Algebraic and Linear Structures for Syntax" in Shalom Lappin and Jean-Philippe Bernardy (eds.), Algebraic Structures in Natural Language, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton and Oxford, pp. 243-277.
  • Jean-Philippe Bernardy, Rasmus Blanck, Stergios Chatzikyriakidis, Shalom Lappin, and Aleksandre Maskharashvili (2022), "Bayesian Inference Semantics for Natural Language" in Jean-Philippe Bernardy, Rasmus Blanck, Stergios Chatzikyriakidis, Shalom Lappin, and Aleksandre Maskharashvili (eds), Probabilistic Approaches to Linguistic Theory, CSLI Publications, Stanford CA, pp. 161-228.
  • Shalom Lappin (2015), "Curry Typing, Polymorphism, and Fine-Grained Intensionality" in Shalom Lappin and Chris Fox (eds.), The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory, Second Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford and Malden MA, pp. 408-428.
  • Jan van Eijck, and S. Lappin (2012), "Probabilistic Semantics for Natural Language" in Z. Christoff, P. Galeazzi, N. Gierasimszuk, A. Marcoci, and S. Smets (eds.), Logic and Interactive Rationality (LIRA) 2012, Volume 2, ILLC, University of Amsterdam, pp. 17-35.
  • Alexander Clark and Shalom Lappin (2012), "Computational Learning Theory and Language Acquisition" in Ruth Kempson, Tim Fernando, and Nicholas Asher (eds.), Handbook of the Philosophy of Science, Volume 14: Philosophy of Linguistics, Elsevier, Oxford, pp. 441-471.
  • Alexander Clark and Shalom Lappin (2010), "Unsupervised Learning and Grammar Induction" in Alexander Clark, Chris Fox, and Shalom Lappin (eds.), The Handbook of Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing, Wiley-Blackwell, Malden MA and Oxford, pp. 197-220.
  • Raquel Fernandez, Jonathan Ginzburg, Howard Gregory, and Shalom Lappin (2007),"SHARDS: Fragment Resolution in Dialogue" in H. Bunt and R. Muskens (eds.), Computing Meaning Vol 3, Springer, Berlin and New York, pp. 125-144.
  • Chris Fox and Shalom Lappin (2005), "Polymorphic Quantifiers and Underspecification in Natural Language" in S. Artemov, H. Barringer, A. d"Avilla Garcez, L. Lamb, and J. Woods (eds.), We Will Show Them: Essays in Honour of Dov Gabbay, Vol 1, College Publications, London, pp. 687-700.
  • Shalom Lappin (2005), "A Sequenced Model of Anaphora and Ellipsis Resolution" in A. Branco, A, McEnery, and R. Mitkov (eds.), Anaphora Processing: Linguistic, Cognitive, and Computational Modelling, John Benjamins, Amsterdam, pp. 3-16.
  • Christian Ebert, Howard Gregory, Shalom Lappin, and Nicolas Nicolo (2003), "Full Paraphrases for Fragments in Dialogue" in J. van Kuppevelt, and R. Smith (eds.), Current and New Directions in Discourse and Dialogue, Kluwer, pp.161-181.
  • Shalom Lappin (2003), "Semantics" in R. Mitkov (ed.), The Handbook of Computational Linguistics, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 91-111.
  • Chris Fox and Shalom Lappin (2001), "A Framework for the Hyperintensional Semantics of Natural Language with Two Implementations" in Groote, P. de, G. Morrill, and C. Retore (eds.), Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics, Springer Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Berlin and New York, pp. 175-192.
  • Shalom Lappin (2000), "An Introduction to Formal Semantics" in M. Aronoff and J. Rees-Miller (eds.), The Blackwell Handbook of Linguistics, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 369-393.
  • Shalom Lappin (2000), "Logicality and Semantic Types for Natural Language" in H. Bennis, M. Everaert, and E. Reuland (eds.), Interface Strategies, Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam, pp. 223-238.
  • Howard Gregory and Shalom Lappin (1999), "Antecedent Contained Ellipsis in HPSG" in G. Webelhuth, J.P. Koenig, and A. Kathol (eds.), Lexical and Constructional Aspects of Linguistic Explanation, CSLI, Stanford, CA, pp. 331-356.
  • Shalom Lappn (1999), "An HPSG Account of Antecedent Contained Ellipsis" in S. Lappin and E. Benmamoun (eds.), Fragments: Studies in Ellipsis and Gapping, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 68-97.
  • Shalom Lappin (1996), "The Interpretation of Ellipsis" in S. Lappin (ed.), The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 145-175.
  • Shalom Lappin (1993), "||Many|| as a Two"Place Determiner Function" in J. Yan and M. Cobb (ed)., SOAS Working Papers in Linguistics, pp. 337-358.
  • Shalom Lappin (1991), "Concepts of Logical Form in Linguistics and Philosophy" in Asa Kasher (ed.), The Chomskyian Turn, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 300---333.
  • Shalom Lappin (1983), "Truth, Correspondence, and Meaning" (in Hebrew) in L. Rauch (ed.), Readings in Contemporary Philosophy, Yachdav, Tel Aviv, pp. 97---115.
  • Shalom Lappin (1979), "Spinoza's Theory of Innate Ideas" (in Hebrew) in M. Brinker, M. Dascal, and D. Nesher (eds.), Baruch Spinoza, University Publishing Projects, Tel Aviv, pp.53---59.

PAPERS IN CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

  • Jean-Philippe Bernardy and Shalom Lappin (2022), "Assessing the Unitary RNN as an End-to-End Compositional Model of Syntax" in M. Moortgat and G. Wijnholds (eds), End-to-End Compositional Models of Vector-Based Semantics, 2022 (E2ECOMPVEC), Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 366.4, 2022, pp. 9–22.
  • Jean-Philippe Bernardy and Shalom Lappin (2022), "A Neural Model for Compositional Word Embeddings and Sentence Processing", Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics, May 26, 2022, Dublin, Association of Computational Linguistics, pp. 12--22.
  • Adam Ek, Jean-Philippe Bernardy, and Shalom Lappin (2019), "Language Modeling with Syntactic and Semantic Representation for Sentence Acceptability Predictions", Proceedings of the 22nd Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics, September 30-October 2,
    Turku, Finland, Linköping University Electronic Press, pp. 76-85.
  • Jean-Philippe Bernardy, Rasmus Blanck, Stergios Chatzikyriakidis. Shalom Lappin, and Aleksandre Maskharashvili (2019), "Predicates as Boxes in Bayesian Semantics for Natural Language", Proceedings of the 22nd Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics, September 30-October 2, Turku, Finland, Linköping University Electronic Press, pp. 333-337.
  • Jean-Philippe Bernardy, Rasmus Blanck, Stergios Chatzikyriakidis. Shalom Lappin, and Aleksandre Maskharashvili (2019), Bayesian Inference Semantics: A Modelling System and A Test Suite, Proceedings of the Eighth Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (\SEM)*, pages 263--272 Minneapolis, July 6--7, 2019.
  • Yuri Bizzoni and Shalom Lappin (2019) "Predicting Metaphor Paraphrase Judgements in Context", Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computational Semantics 2019 - Long Papers, University of Gothenburg, May 2019, pp. 165-174.
  • Shalom Lappin (2018), Towards a Computationally Viable Framework for Semantic Representation, Proceedings of the Symposium on Logic and Algorithms in Computational Linguistics 2018, September, 2018, Stockholm University, DiVA Portal for digital publications, pp. 47-63.
  • Jean-Philippe Bernardy, Rasmus Blanck, Stergios Chatzikyriakidis, and Shalom Lappin (2018), "A Compositional Bayesian Semantics for Natural Language", Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Language Cognition and Computational Models, COLING 2018, Santa Fe, New Mexico, August 20, 2018, pp. 1-10.
  • Jean-Philippe Bernardy, Shalom Lappin, and Jey Han Lau (2018), "The Influence of Context on Sentence Acceptability Judgements", Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Short Papers), pages 1--6, Melbourne, Australia, July 2018.
  • Yuri Bizzoni and Shalom Lappin (2018), "Predicting Human Metaphor Paraphrase Judgments with Deep Neural Networks", Proceedings of the NAACL 2018 Workshop on Figurative Language Processing, New Orleans LA, June 2018, pp. 45-55.
  • Yuri Bizzoni and Shalom Lappin (2017), "Deep Learning of Binary and Gradient Judgements for Semantic Paraphrase", Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computational Semantics 2017, Montpellier, France, September 2017.
  • Jey Han Lau, Alexander Clark, and Shalom Lappin (2015), "Unsupervised Prediction of Acceptability Judgements", Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Conference of the Association of Computational Linguistics, Beijing, July 2015, pp. 1618-1628.
  • Jey Han Lau, Alexander Clark, and Shalom Lappin (2014), "Measuring Gradience in Speakers" Grammaticality Judgements", Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Quebec City, July 2014, pp. 821-826.
  • Robin Cooper, Simon Dobnik, Shalom Lappin, and Staffan Larsson (2014), "A Probabilistic Rich Type Theory for Semantic Interpretation", Proceedings of the EACL 2014 Workshop on Type Theory and Natural Language Semantics (TTNLS), Gothenburg, April 2014, pp. 72---79.
  • Alexander Clark, Gianluca Giorgolo, and Shalom Lappin (2013), "Statistical Representation of Grammaticality Judgements: The Limits of N-Gram Models", Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Cognitive Modelling and Computational Linguistics, Sophia, August 2013, pp. 28-36.
  • Alexander Clark, Gianluca Giorgolo, and Shalom Lappin (2013), Towards a Statistical Model of Grammaticality, Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Berlin, July-August 2013, pp. 2064-2069.
  • Alexander Clark and Shalom Lappin (2009), "Restricting Probability Distributions to Expand The Class of Learnable Languages", Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2009, Borovetz, Bulgaria (abstract with slides, invited keynote talk).
  • Alexander Clark and Shalom Lappin (2009), "Another Look at Indirect Evidence", Proceedings of the EACL Workshop on Cognitive Aspects of Computational Language Acquisition, Athens, pp. 26-33.
  • Shalom Lappin (2005) "Machine Learning and the Cognitive Basis of Natural Language" in Proceedings of Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands 2004, Leiden, pp. 1-11 (invited keynote lecture).
  • Chris Fox and Shalom Lappin (2005), "Achieving Expressive Completeness and Computational Efficiency for Underspecified Semantic Representations" in Proceedings of The Fifteenth Amsterdam Colloquium, Amsterdam, pp. 77-82.
  • Raquel Fernandez, Jonathan Ginzburg, and Shalom Lappin (2005), "Using Machine Learning for Non-Sentential Utterance Classification" in Proceedings of ACL SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue 6, Lisbon, pp. 77-86.
  • Raquel Fernandez, Jonathan Ginzburg, and Shalom Lappin (2005), "Automatic Bare Sluice Disambiguation in Dialogue" in Proceedings of IWCS-6, Tilburg, pp. 115-127.
  • Chris Fox and Shalom Lappin (2004), "A Type-Theoretic Approach to Ellipsis Resolution" in N. Nicolov, K. Botcheva, G. Angelova, and R. Mitkov (eds.), Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing III: Selected Papers from RANLP 2003, John Benjamins, Amsterdam, pp. 1-16 (invited keynote talk).
  • Raquel Fernandez, Jonathan Ginzburg, and Shalom Lappin (2004), "Clarifying Ellipsis in Dialogue: A Machine Learning Approach" in Proceedings of COLING 2004, Geneva, pp. 240-246.
  • Chris Fox and Shalom Lappin (2003), "Doing Natural Language Semantics in an Expressive First-Order Logic with Flexible Typing" in G. Jaeger, P. Monachesi, G. Penn, and S. Wintner (eds.), Proceedings of Formal Grammar 2003, Vienna, pp. 89-102.
  • Chris Fox, Shalom Lappin, and Carl Pollard (2002) "Intensional First-Order Logic with Types" in G. Alberti, K. Balough, and P. Dekker (eds.), Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium for Logic and Language, Pecs, Hungary, pp. 47-56.
  • Chris Fox, Shalom Lappin, and Carl Pollard (2002) "A Higher-Order Fine-Grained Logic for Intensional Semantics" in G. Alberti, K. Balough, and P. Dekker (eds.), Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium for Logic and Language, Pecs, Hungary, pp.37-46.
  • Chris Fox, Shalom Lappin, and Carl Pollard (2002), "First-Order Curry-Typed Logic for Natural Language Semantics" in S. Wintner (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop on Natural Language Understanding and Logic Programming, Copenhagen, pp. 87-102.
  • Jonathan Ginzburg, Howard Gregory, and Shalom Lappin (2001), "SHARDS: Fragment Resolution in Dialogue" in H. Bunt, I. van der Slius, and E. Thijsse (eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Computational Semantics, Tilburg, pp. 156-172.
  • Jonathan Ginzburg, Howard Gregory, and Shalom Lappin (2000), "A Dialogue System for Interpreting Fragments", in Proceedings of the ESSLLI 2000 Workshop on Linguistic Theory and Grammar Implementation, ESSLLI, Birmingham, UK, pp. 187-199.
  • Howard Gregory and Shalom Lappin (1997), "A Computational Model of Ellipsis" in G-J Kruiff, G. Morrill, and R. Oehrle (eds.), Proceedings of the Conference on Formal Grammar, ESSLLI, Aix-en-Provence.
  • David Johnson and Shalom Lappin (1997), "Wh-Questions: Unification in a Typed Feature Structure Grammar vs. Feature Checking in the Minimalist Program" in E. Doron and S. Wintner (eds.), Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Conference of the Israel Association for Theoretical Linguistics, pp. 91-99.
  • Shalom Lappin and Hsue-Hueh Shih (1996), "A Generalized Reconstruction Algorithm for Ellipsis Resolution in Proceedings of COLING-96, pp. 687-692.
  • Shalom Lappin (1995), "Logicality and the Determination of Syntactic Categories in Natural Language" in Proceedings of the Fourth Bar-Ilan Symposium on Foundations of Artificial Intelligence, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
  • Shalom Lappin (1993), "Ellipsis Resolution at S"Structure" in A Schafer (ed.) Proceedings of NELS 23, GLSA, University of Massachusetts, pp. 255---269.
  • Shalom Lappin (1992), "The Syntactic Basis of Ellipsis Resolution" in S. Berman and A. Hestvik (eds.), Proceedings of the Stuttgart Workshop on Ellipsis, Arbeitspapiere des Sonderforschungsbereich 340, Bericht Nr. 29---1992.
  • Shalom Lappin and Michael McCord (1990), "A Syntactic Filter on Pronominal Anaphora for Slot Grammar", Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, University of Pittsburgh, pp. 135---142.
  • Igal Golan, Shalom Lappin, and M. Rimon (1988), "An Active Bilingual Lexicon for Machine Translation", Proceedings of COLING '88, Budapest, pp. 205---211.
  • Shalom Lappin (1984), "Predication and Raising" in C. Jones and P. Sells (eds.), Proceedings of NELS 14, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, pp. 236---252.
  • Shalom Lappin (1983), "The Theta"Criterion and Pronominal Binding" in P. Sells and C. Jones (eds.), Proceedings of NELS 13, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, pp. 121---128.

TECHNICAL REPORTS

  • Yuri Bizzoni and Shalom Lappin (2018), The Effect of Context on Metaphor Paraphrase Aptness Judgments,  arXiv:1809.01060 [cs.CL], https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.01060.
  • Arendse Bernth and Shalom Lappin (1991), A Meaning Postulate Based Inference System for Natural Language, Technical Report RC 16947, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY.
  • Igal Golan, Shalom Lappin, and M. Rimon (1989), Computing Grammatical Functions from Configurational Parse Trees, Technical Report 88.268, IBM Science and Technology and Scientific Center, Haifa.